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Paracas Culture
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 GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION:
This culture flourished on the Paracas Peninsula, at 18 kms away from Pisco city (Ica Department)
PERIOD:
First Horizon or Early Horizon
AGE:
From 700 BC to 400 B.C.
DISCOVERY:
By Julio C. Tello in 1925
TERRITORIAL EXTENSION:
It extended Paracas Bay (Pisco City) in Ica
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Paracas – Funeral Caves (700 BC – 500 BC)
In this period, the dead were buried and wrapped in funeral bales in cone - shaped grave bales (8m deep).
2. Paracas – Great Necropolis
In this period, the burials were in rectangular – shaped graves with little depth whose interior had the capacity about 420 mummies wrapped in bales.
MAIN EXPRESSION OF THIS CULTURE
TEXTILE ART:
They outstood remarkably in the textile art using materials of high quality as: Alpaca, Vicuña wool; cotton, multicolor feathers, etc.
They used geometrical drawings and a beautiful combination of colors: red, blue, yellow, black, white, etc.
The ‘’Mantos Paracas’’ (Paracas Blankets) are known worldwide.
MEDICINE AND SURGERY:
They were experts in surgical operations specially the trepanning of skulls in order to cure fractures, infections, and tumors. They used anesthesia as coca leaf, marijuana, chicha de jora (an alcoholic drink made from yellow maize) to counteract the pain and avoid the infections.
CERAMICS:
Its ceramic was sculptural and spherical as the shape of a pumpkin with two spouts and a bridge. Its motifs were felines, fishes, birds, serpents (Chavin influence).
At the period of Paracas cavernas (Cavern Paracas), the post-firing and polychrome painting was used; however, in Paracas Necrópolis (Necropolis Paracas), the pre-firing and monochrome cream painting was used. |
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